ABSTRACT: Although the aims and roles played by the Crown Colony administration and the Chinese, Japanese and Hong Kong capitalists were different, the combination between the government and the capitalists was successful in redeveloping the North Borneo fishing industry after World War II (1939-1945). As for the capitalists, the Crown Colony administration’s policies — which avoided direct intervention in the fishing industry, specifically in the fishing and selling activities — had given them ample opportunity to gain a huge amount of profit. Therefore, it can be said that the roles and contributions of the British government, as well as the local and foreign capitalists, were only successful in redeveloping the North Borneo fishing industry after World War II, but did not succeed in improving the lives of the local fishermen. The conflict of interest, which rose from the question of economical and social obligations, resulted in the British administration acting as merely a “purveyor” of technology and fishing equipment for the fishermen and not contributing much towards helping the fishermen to find the means of getting these items. This allowed the local and foreign capitalists to fill the gap and to control the fishing industry by bringing in better fishing technology, exploiting the local fishermen by providing a credit system for the procurement of the fishing equipment and eventually transforming the local fishermen as merely a source of manpower.

Key words: Crown Colony administration, the capitalists, North Borneo fishing industry, and transforming the local fishermen.

About the Author: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ismail Ali is a Senior Lecturer at the Programme of History, School of Social Sciences UMS (Malaysia University of Sabah). For academic purposes, he can be reached at: ismailrc@ums.edu.my

How to cite this article? Ali, Ismail. (2009). “The Role and Contribution of the British Administration and the Capitalist in the North Borneo Fishing Industry, 1945-1963” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Vol.2, No.2 [November], pp.155-164. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, UNIPA Surabaya, and UMS Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, ISSN 1979-0112.

Chronicle of article: Accepted (September 19, 2009); Revised (October 21, 2009); and Published (November 20, 2009).

Colony of North Borneo. (1948). Annual Report. Sandakan: n.p.

Ellison, E.W. (1956). “Reconstruction and Development Plan for North Borneo, 1948-1955”. Unpublished Report. Jesselton: n.p.

Leong, Cecilia. (1982). Sabah: The First 100 Years. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nan Yang Muda Sdn. Bhd.

Mohd. Arif, Mohammad Raduan. (1993). Dari Pemungutan Tripang ke Penundaan Udang: Satu Kajian Mengenai Sejarah Perkembangan Perusahaan Perikanan di Borneo Utara, 1750-1990. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya Press.

Naker, H.M. (1965). Sabah: The First Ten Years as a Colony, 1946-1956. Singapore: Malaysia Publishing House Ltd. and University of Singapore.

North Borneo Government. (1959). Boats and Fishery Ordinance Section 16 Boats and Fishery. Sandakan: North Borneo Government Printing Office.

North Borneo Government. (1960). Agriculture Annual Report. Jesselton: n.p.

North Borneo Government. (1960-1963). Agricultural Report from 1960-1963. Jesselton: n.p.

North Borneo Government. (1962). Agriculture Annual Report. Jesselton: n.p.

North Borneo Government. (1963). North Borneo Fisheries Department Report, 1947-1963. Sandakan: n.p.

Tregonning, K.G. (1967). A History of Modern Sabah, 1881–1963. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.

Tubb, J.A. (1952). “Colony of North Borneo Fisheries Department: Report for the Years 1947-1950”. Unpublished Report. Sandakan: n.p.